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Autor	Magdalena Cyrek, Piotr Cyrek
Tytuł	DIFFERENCE IN CONSUMPTION BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	consumption, well-being, households, city-countryside
Key words
Abstrakt	Levels of income, consumer expenditure and their structure display significant disproportions between areas of different degrees of urbanisation. These disproportions are reflected both in the objective comparison and subjectively perceived material situation of households. This study contains an assessment of the differences in income and consumption in rural areas and cities of Poland at a national level and in relation to the Subcarpathian Province, as a less developed region. The results of public statistic surveys were supplemented with the results of own research regarding the perception of the situation by the inhabitants of Subcarpathia. The scale of existing socio-economic disproportion in spatial layout and directions of changes in accordance to objective and subjective indicators were identified. The changes in the value of purchases of various types of products, levels of savings and living conditions were addressed. In order to verify the hypothesis of consumption convergence in the city-countryside system, a statistical analysis of national structures was carried out and the differences in change patterns typical for urban and rural households in Subcarpathia were identified. This research allows to conclude that there exist adverse disproportions in rural development and some signs of overcoming them on a national and regional level.
Abstract
Cytowanie	Cyrek M., Cyrek P.
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Pełny tekst	ESARE_2018_n2_s68.pdf

Autor	Dariusz Prokopowicz, Wioletta Wereda
Tytuł	ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN POLAND – ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS
Title
Słowa kluczowe	sytuacja materialna, sytuacja ekonomiczno-finansowa, rodzina, gospodarstwa domowe, dochody, oszczędności, konsumpcja, finanse gospodarstw domowych, społeczeństwo, polityka rodzinna, polityka społeczna, polityka gospodarcza, program Rodzina 500 Plus, program Mieszkanie Plus
Key words	material situation, economic and financial situation, family, households, income, savings, consumption, household finance, society, family policy, social policy, economic policy, Family Plus 500 program, Apartment Plus program
Abstrakt	Rodziny w Polsce prowadzą gospodarstwa domowe, dysponując znacznie niższym dochodem rozporządzalnym w porównaniu z rodzinami funkcjonującymi w krajach Zachodniej Europy. Poziom konsumpcji rodzin w Polsce w ostatnich latach zbliża się do średniej w Unii Europejskiej, natomiast poziom oszczędności nadwyżek finansowych jest nadal pięciokrotnie niższy względem tej średniej. W Polsce od wielu lat relatywnie najniższe dochody osiągały rodziny wielodzietne. Podobne relacje kształtują się w zakresie sytuacji mieszkaniowej i wyposażenia gospodarstwa domowego w dobra trwałego użytku. W ostatnich latach po globalnym kryzysie finansowym w 2008 roku koniunktura w globalnej i krajowej gospodarce zaczęła się sukcesywnie poprawiać. Równocześnie sytuacja dochodowa rodzin w Polsce także zaczęła się poprawiać. Dodatkowo istotny wpływ na tę poprawę miało uruchomienie w kwietniu 2016 roku programu Rodzina 500 Plus jako kluczowego instrumentu społecznej polityki rodzinnej w Polsce.
Abstract	Families in Poland run households with significantly lower disposable income compared to families in Western European countries. The level of family consumption in Poland in recent years is approaching the EU average, while the level of financial savings is still five times lower than the average. In Poland for many years the relatively low incomes have been achieved by families with many children. Similar relationships exist in the area of housing and household appliances in durable goods. In recent years, after the global financial crisis in 2008, the global and domestic economy began to improve steadily. At the same time the income situation of families in Poland has also started to improve. In addition, the Family 500 Plus program was launched in April 2016 as a key instrument of social family policy in Poland.
Cytowanie	Prokopowicz D., Wereda W. (2017) ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN POLAND – ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 18(67): 240-258
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2017_n67_s240.pdf

Autor	Barbara Perepeczko
Tytuł	Zróżnicowanie zjawiska zarobkowych migracji zagranicznych ludności wiejskiej
Title	Diversity of International Economic Migrations Phenomenon of Rural Population
Słowa kluczowe
Key words
Abstrakt
Abstract	Huge surplus of labour force and the lack of satisfactory incomes cause rural population to searching for earnings in foreign countries. The dynamics of international economic migrations of rural population is significant and became the form of income diversity. The scale, structure and impacts of that complex and regionally diverse phenomenon are very hard to catch, which is probably the reason of weak interest of economists. On the basis of sociological research conducted in three villages from the regions of the highest intensity of international migration the author states that international migrations from the village situated in Opolskie are more often the choice and fixed strategy of rural families, migrations from the village situated in Podlasie are more often necessity caused by weakness of local labour market and worse human capital of villagers and worse material situation of families. People from villages of Podkarpackie, who work abroad, with regard to non-agricultural qualifications and increase of chances of getting better paid jobs can choose return and reverse tendency of migrations from that region
Cytowanie	Perepeczko B. (2008) Zróżnicowanie zjawiska zarobkowych migracji zagranicznych ludności wiejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 72: 65-73
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n72_s65.pdf